Security and Privacy Implementation for Popup Systems: Complete Technical Guide

Security and Privacy Implementation for Popup Systems: Complete Technical Guide

Implementing robust security and privacy measures in popup systems is critical for protecting user data, maintaining regulatory compliance, and building customer trust. As popup systems often collect personal information, email addresses, and behavioral data, they become attractive targets for malicious actors and require comprehensive security architecture. This technical guide explores the essential security considerations, privacy compliance requirements, and implementation best practices for creating secure popup systems that protect both users and businesses.

Modern popup security encompasses multiple layers of protection, from data encryption and secure transmission to privacy-by-design principles and regulatory compliance. Understanding these requirements is essential for developers working with customer-facing popup systems, especially in e-commerce environments where data protection regulations are strictly enforced. This guide provides practical implementation strategies, code examples, and architectural patterns for building popup systems that meet the highest security and privacy standards.

Understanding Regulatory Compliance Requirements

GDPR Compliance Fundamentals

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes strict requirements for processing personal data of EU residents:

• Lawful Basis: Obtain explicit consent before collecting personal data
• Data Minimization: Collect only necessary information for specified purposes
• Right to Access: Provide mechanisms for users to access their data
• Right to Erasure: Implement data deletion capabilities
• Data Portability: Enable data export in machine-readable formats
• Breach Notification: Report data breaches within 72 hours

CCPA Compliance Requirements

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) provides specific rights to California residents:

• Right to Know: Disclose data collection and usage practices
• Right to Delete: Remove personal information upon request
• Right to Opt-Out: Allow users to decline data selling
• Non-Discrimination: Provide equal service regardless of privacy choices
• Business Transparency: Clearly identify data processing purposes

Cookie Consent Integration

Implement comprehensive cookie consent management:

class CookieConsentManager {
  constructor() {
    this.consent = this.loadConsent();
    this.categories = {
      necessary: true,
      analytics: false,
      marketing: false,
      personalization: false
    };
    this.vendors = new Map();
  }

  loadConsent() {
    try {
      const stored = localStorage.getItem('cookie_consent');
      return stored ? JSON.parse(stored) : null;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to load consent:', error);
      return null;
    }
  }

  saveConsent(consentData) {
    try {
      const consent = {
        ...consentData,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        version: '1.0',
        domain: window.location.hostname
      };

      localStorage.setItem('cookie_consent', JSON.stringify(consent));
      this.consent = consent;

      // Trigger consent-based actions
      this.applyConsent(consent);

      return true;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to save consent:', error);
      return false;
    }
  }

  hasConsent(category) {
    return this.consent && this.consent.categories &&
           this.consent.categories[category] === true;
  }

  applyConsent(consent) {
    // Enable/disable tracking based on consent
    if (consent.categories.analytics) {
      this.enableAnalytics();
    } else {
      this.disableAnalytics();
    }

    if (consent.categories.marketing) {
      this.enableMarketing();
    } else {
      this.disableMarketing();
    }
  }

  showConsentBanner() {
    if (!this.consent) {
      const banner = this.createConsentBanner();
      document.body.appendChild(banner);
    }
  }

  createConsentBanner() {
    const banner = document.createElement('div');
    banner.className = 'cookie-consent-banner';
    banner.innerHTML = `
      

        
Privacy Notice
        
We use cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to visit this site you agree to our use of cookies.
        

          Accept All
          Necessary Only
          Customize
        
      
    `;

    this.attachBannerEvents(banner);
    return banner;
  }

  attachBannerEvents(banner) {
    banner.querySelector('#accept-all').addEventListener('click', () => {
      const consent = {
        categories: { ...this.categories, analytics: true, marketing: true }
      };
      this.saveConsent(consent);
      document.body.removeChild(banner);
    });

    banner.querySelector('#accept-necessary').addEventListener('click', () => {
      const consent = {
        categories: { ...this.categories }
      };
      this.saveConsent(consent);
      document.body.removeChild(banner);
    });
  }
}

Data Encryption and Secure Transmission

TLS/SSL Implementation

Ensure all data transmission uses HTTPS with modern TLS configurations:

// Secure data transmission utility
class SecureDataTransmission {
  constructor(apiEndpoint) {
    this.apiEndpoint = apiEndpoint;
    this.encryptionKey = this.generateEncryptionKey();
  }

  generateEncryptionKey() {
    // Generate cryptographic key for client-side encryption
    return window.crypto.subtle.generateKey(
      {
        name: 'AES-GCM',
        length: 256
      },
      true,
      ['encrypt', 'decrypt']
    );
  }

  async encryptData(data, key) {
    try {
      const encoder = new TextEncoder();
      const dataBuffer = encoder.encode(JSON.stringify(data));

      // Generate initialization vector
      const iv = window.crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));

      // Encrypt data
      const encryptedData = await window.crypto.subtle.encrypt(
        {
          name: 'AES-GCM',
          iv: iv
        },
        key,
        dataBuffer
      );

      return {
        encryptedData: Array.from(new Uint8Array(encryptedData)),
        iv: Array.from(iv)
      };
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Encryption failed:', error);
      throw new Error('Data encryption failed');
    }
  }

  async submitSecureForm(formData, encryptionKey) {
    try {
      // Validate form data before encryption
      const sanitizedData = this.sanitizeFormData(formData);

      // Encrypt sensitive data
      const encryptedPayload = await this.encryptData(sanitizedData, encryptionKey);

      // Submit to secure endpoint
      const response = await fetch(this.apiEndpoint, {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
          'X-Security-Token': this.generateSecurityToken(),
          'X-Request-ID': this.generateRequestId()
        },
        body: JSON.stringify({
          payload: encryptedPayload,
          metadata: {
            timestamp: Date.now(),
            userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
            origin: window.location.origin
          }
        })
      });

      if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
      }

      return await response.json();
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Secure submission failed:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  sanitizeFormData(formData) {
    const sanitized = {};

    Object.keys(formData).forEach(key => {
      if (typeof formData[key] === 'string') {
        // Remove potentially dangerous characters
        sanitized[key] = formData[key]
          .replace(/[<>]/g, '') // Remove HTML tags
          .trim()
          .substring(0, 1000); // Limit length
      } else {
        sanitized[key] = formData[key];
      }
    });

    return sanitized;
  }

  generateSecurityToken() {
    const array = new Uint8Array(32);
    window.crypto.getRandomValues(array);
    return Array.from(array, byte => byte.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('');
  }

  generateRequestId() {
    return `req_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
  }
}

Secure Form Handling

Implement secure form submission with validation and sanitization:

class SecureFormHandler {
  constructor(formElement) {
    this.form = formElement;
    this.csrfToken = this.getCsrfToken();
    this.setupEventListeners();
    this.rateLimiter = new RateLimiter(5, 60000); // 5 submissions per minute
  }

  setupEventListeners() {
    this.form.addEventListener('submit', async (event) => {
      event.preventDefault();
      await this.handleSecureSubmit();
    });
  }

  async handleSecureSubmit() {
    try {
      // Rate limiting check
      if (!this.rateLimiter.canProceed()) {
        throw new Error('Too many submission attempts. Please try again later.');
      }

      // Validate form data
      const formData = this.validateFormData();

      // Sanitize input
      const sanitizedData = this.sanitizeInputs(formData);

      // Show loading state
      this.setLoadingState(true);

      // Submit securely
      const result = await this.submitSecurely(sanitizedData);

      // Handle success
      this.handleSuccess(result);

    } catch (error) {
      this.handleError(error);
    } finally {
      this.setLoadingState(false);
    }
  }

  validateFormData() {
    const formData = new FormData(this.form);
    const data = {};

    // Required field validation
    const requiredFields = this.form.querySelectorAll('[required]');
    for (const field of requiredFields) {
      if (!field.value.trim()) {
        throw new Error(`${field.name} is required`);
      }
    }

    // Email validation
    const emailField = this.form.querySelector('[type="email"]');
    if (emailField && !this.isValidEmail(emailField.value)) {
      throw new Error('Please enter a valid email address');
    }

    // Phone validation (if present)
    const phoneField = this.form.querySelector('[type="tel"]');
    if (phoneField && phoneField.value && !this.isValidPhone(phoneField.value)) {
      throw new Error('Please enter a valid phone number');
    }

    // Convert to object
    for (const [key, value] of formData.entries()) {
      data[key] = value;
    }

    return data;
  }

  sanitizeInputs(data) {
    const sanitized = {};

    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(data)) {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        sanitized[key] = this.sanitizeString(value);
      } else {
        sanitized[key] = value;
      }
    }

    return sanitized;
  }

  sanitizeString(input) {
    return input
      .replace(/[<>]/g, '') // Remove HTML tags
      .replace(/javascript:/gi, '') // Remove JavaScript protocols
      .replace(/on\w+=/gi, '') // Remove event handlers
      .trim()
      .substring(0, 1000); // Limit length
  }

  async submitSecurely(data) {
    const secureTransmission = new SecureDataTransmission('/api/secure-submit');

    return await secureTransmission.submitSecureForm(data, this.encryptionKey);
  }

  isValidEmail(email) {
    const emailRegex = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;
    return emailRegex.test(email);
  }

  isValidPhone(phone) {
    const phoneRegex = /^\+?[1-9]\d{1,14}$/;
    return phoneRegex.test(phone.replace(/\D/g, ''));
  }
}

// Rate limiter implementation
class RateLimiter {
  constructor(maxRequests, timeWindow) {
    this.maxRequests = maxRequests;
    this.timeWindow = timeWindow;
    this.requests = [];
  }

  canProceed() {
    const now = Date.now();

    // Remove old requests outside time window
    this.requests = this.requests.filter(time =>
      now - time < this.timeWindow
    );

    // Check if under limit
    if (this.requests.length >= this.maxRequests) {
      return false;
    }

    // Add current request
    this.requests.push(now);
    return true;
  }
}

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Prevention

Input Sanitization and Output Encoding

Prevent XSS attacks through comprehensive input validation and output encoding:

class XSSProtection {
  constructor() {
    this.allowedTags = ['b', 'i', 'em', 'strong', 'a', 'p', 'br'];
    this.allowedAttributes = {
      'a': ['href', 'title'],
      '*': ['class']
    };
  }

  sanitizeHTML(html) {
    // Create a temporary DOM element for parsing
    const temp = document.createElement('div');
    temp.innerHTML = html;

    // Remove dangerous elements and attributes
    this.cleanElement(temp);

    return temp.innerHTML;
  }

  cleanElement(element) {
    // Remove script tags and event handlers
    const scripts = element.querySelectorAll('script');
    scripts.forEach(script => script.remove());

    // Remove all event handlers
    const allElements = element.querySelectorAll('*');
    allElements.forEach(el => {
      const attributes = el.attributes;
      for (let i = attributes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        const attr = attributes[i];
        if (attr.name.startsWith('on')) {
          el.removeAttribute(attr.name);
        }
      }
    });

    // Remove dangerous protocols
    const links = element.querySelectorAll('a[href]');
    links.forEach(link => {
      const href = link.getAttribute('href');
      if (this.isDangerousProtocol(href)) {
        link.removeAttribute('href');
      }
    });
  }

  isDangerousProtocol(url) {
    const dangerousProtocols = [
      'javascript:',
      'data:',
      'vbscript:',
      'file:',
      'ftp:'
    ];

    return dangerousProtocols.some(protocol =>
      url.toLowerCase().startsWith(protocol)
    );
  }

  encodeOutput(text) {
    const div = document.createElement('div');
    div.textContent = text; // Automatically encodes HTML entities
    return div.innerHTML;
  }

  validateInput(input, type = 'text') {
    switch (type) {
      case 'email':
        return this.validateEmail(input);
      case 'url':
        return this.validateURL(input);
      case 'text':
        return this.validateText(input);
      default:
        return this.validateText(input);
    }
  }

  validateText(text) {
    // Remove control characters and limit length
    return text
      .replace(/[\x00-\x1F\x7F]/g, '') // Remove control characters
      .substring(0, 1000)
      .trim();
  }

  validateEmail(email) {
    const emailRegex = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;
    return emailRegex.test(email) ? email.toLowerCase() : '';
  }

  validateURL(url) {
    try {
      const parsed = new URL(url);
      // Only allow http and https protocols
      if (['http:', 'https:'].includes(parsed.protocol)) {
        return parsed.toString();
      }
    } catch (error) {
      // Invalid URL
    }
    return '';
  }

  // Content Security Policy helper
  setupCSP() {
    const meta = document.createElement('meta');
    meta.httpEquiv = 'Content-Security-Policy';
    meta.content = [
      "default-src 'self'",
      "script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'",
      "style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'",
      "img-src 'self' data: https:",
      "font-src 'self'",
      "connect-src 'self'",
      "frame-src 'none'",
      "object-src 'none'",
      "base-uri 'self'",
      "form-action 'self'"
    ].join('; ');

    document.head.appendChild(meta);
  }
}

Content Security Policy (CSP) Implementation

Implement strong CSP headers to prevent code injection:

// CSP Header configuration for popup systems
const CSP_DIRECTIVES = {
  'default-src': ["'self'"],
  'script-src': [
    "'self'",
    "'unsafe-inline'", // Remove if possible
    "'unsafe-eval'", // Remove if possible
    'https://www.google-analytics.com',
    'https://www.googletagmanager.com'
  ],
  'style-src': [
    "'self'",
    "'unsafe-inline'",
    'https://fonts.googleapis.com'
  ],
  'img-src': [
    "'self'",
    'data:',
    'https:',
    'https://www.google-analytics.com'
  ],
  'font-src': [
    "'self'",
    'https://fonts.gstatic.com'
  ],
  'connect-src': [
    "'self'",
    'https://api.google-analytics.com'
  ],
  'frame-src': ["'none'"],
  'object-src': ["'none'"],
  'base-uri': ["'self'"],
  'form-action': ["'self'"],
  'frame-ancestors': ["'none'"],
  'upgrade-insecure-requests': []
};

class CSPManager {
  constructor() {
    this.directives = CSP_DIRECTIVES;
    this.reportUri = '/api/csp-report';
  }

  generateCSPHeader() {
    return Object.entries(this.directives)
      .map(([directive, sources]) => {
        const sourceList = sources.length > 0 ? ' ' + sources.join(' ') : '';
        return directive + sourceList;
      })
      .join('; ');
  }

  // Send violation reports
  setupCSPReporting() {
    // Add CSP report-only header for testing
    const reportOnlyHeader = this.generateCSPHeader() + '; report-uri ' + this.reportUri;

    // Listen for CSP violations
    document.addEventListener('securitypolicyviolation', (event) => {
      this.reportViolation({
        violatedDirective: event.violatedDirective,
        effectiveDirective: event.effectiveDirective,
        originalPolicy: event.originalPolicy,
        sourceFile: event.sourceFile,
        lineNumber: event.lineNumber,
        columnNumber: event.columnNumber,
        blockedURI: event.blockedURI,
        documentURI: document.documentURI,
        referrer: document.referrer,
        timestamp: Date.now()
      });
    });
  }

  async reportViolation(violation) {
    try {
      await fetch(this.reportUri, {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json'
        },
        body: JSON.stringify({
          type: 'csp-violation',
          violation: violation,
          userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
          timestamp: Date.now()
        })
      });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to report CSP violation:', error);
    }
  }
}

Data Anonymization and Privacy by Design

Data Minimization Strategies

Implement privacy-by-design principles through data minimization:

class DataMinimization {
  constructor() {
    this.retentionPeriods = {
      'email': 2555, // 7 years in days
      'name': 1825, // 5 years
      'behavior': 365, // 1 year
      'analytics': 1095 // 3 years
    };
  }

  minimizeUserData(userData) {
    const minimized = {};

    // Only keep essential fields
    const essentialFields = ['email', 'consent', 'timestamp'];

    essentialFields.forEach(field => {
      if (userData[field]) {
        minimized[field] = userData[field];
      }
    });

    // Anonymize non-essential data
    if (userData.name) {
      minimized.name = this.anonymizeName(userData.name);
    }

    if (userData.location) {
      minimized.location = this.anonymizeLocation(userData.location);
    }

    return minimized;
  }

  anonymizeName(name) {
    // Keep first initial and last name
    const parts = name.trim().split(' ');
    if (parts.length >= 2) {
      return parts[0][0] + '. ' + parts[parts.length - 1];
    }
    return name.substring(0, 1) + '.';
  }

  anonymizeLocation(location) {
    // Only keep country or state level
    if (location.includes(',')) {
      const parts = location.split(',');
      return parts[parts.length - 1].trim();
    }
    return location;
  }

  hashSensitiveData(data) {
    // Create hash for sensitive data that can't be reversed
    return crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', new TextEncoder().encode(data))
      .then(hash => {
        return Array.from(new Uint8Array(hash))
          .map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0'))
          .join('');
      });
  }

  implementDataRetention(userdata, dataType) {
    const retentionDays = this.retentionPeriods[dataType] || 365;
    const expirationDate = new Date();
    expirationDate.setDate(expirationDate.getDate() + retentionDays);

    return {
      data: userdata,
      expiresAt: expirationDate.toISOString(),
      dataType: dataType
    };
  }

  // Check for expired data
  cleanupExpiredData(dataStore) {
    const now = new Date();
    const expired = [];

    Object.entries(dataStore).forEach(([key, record]) => {
      if (record.expiresAt && new Date(record.expiresAt) < now) {
        expired.push(key);
      }
    });

    // Remove expired records
    expired.forEach(key => {
      delete dataStore[key];
    });

    return expired.length;
  }
}

User Consent Management

Implement granular consent management with withdrawal capabilities:

class ConsentManager {
  constructor() {
    this.consents = this.loadConsents();
    this.purposes = {
      'analytics': {
        description: 'Collect anonymous usage statistics',
        required: false,
        retention: '365 days'
      },
      'marketing': {
        description: 'Send promotional emails and offers',
        required: false,
        retention: '2555 days'
      },
      'personalization': {
        description: 'Customize content based on preferences',
        required: false,
        retention: '730 days'
      },
      'necessary': {
        description: 'Essential for website functionality',
        required: true,
        retention: 'session'
      }
    };
  }

  loadConsents() {
    try {
      const stored = localStorage.getItem('user_consents');
      return stored ? JSON.parse(stored) : {};
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to load consents:', error);
      return {};
    }
  }

  saveConsents(consents) {
    try {
      const consentRecord = {
        ...consents,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        version: '1.0',
        ip: this.getClientIP(),
        userAgent: navigator.userAgent
      };

      localStorage.setItem('user_consents', JSON.stringify(consentRecord));
      this.consents = consentRecord;

      // Log consent for audit purposes
      this.logConsentChange(consentRecord);

      return true;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to save consents:', error);
      return false;
    }
  }

  hasConsent(purpose) {
    // Necessary purposes are always allowed
    if (this.purposes[purpose]?.required) {
      return true;
    }

    return this.consents.purposes?.[purpose] === true;
  }

  withdrawConsent(purpose) {
    if (this.consents.purposes) {
      this.consents.purposes[purpose] = false;
      this.saveConsents(this.consents);

      // Trigger data deletion for that purpose
      this.deleteDataForPurpose(purpose);
    }
  }

  deleteDataForPurpose(purpose) {
    // Implement data deletion based on purpose
    switch (purpose) {
      case 'marketing':
        this.deleteMarketingData();
        break;
      case 'analytics':
        this.deleteAnalyticsData();
        break;
      case 'personalization':
        this.deletePersonalizationData();
        break;
    }
  }

  deleteMarketingData() {
    // Remove from marketing lists
    // Delete email preferences
    // Clear custom segments
    console.log('Marketing data deletion initiated');
  }

  deleteAnalyticsData() {
    // Clear analytics cookies
    // Reset user ID
    // Clear behavioral data
    console.log('Analytics data deletion initiated');
  }

  deletePersonalizationData() {
    // Clear preference data
    // Reset recommendation history
    // Delete custom settings
    console.log('Personalization data deletion initiated');
  }

  exportUserData() {
    const exportData = {
      personalData: this.getPersonalData(),
      consents: this.consents,
      activityLog: this.getActivityLog(),
      exportDate: new Date().toISOString()
    };

    // Provide download link
    const blob = new Blob([JSON.stringify(exportData, null, 2)], {
      type: 'application/json'
    });

    const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
    const a = document.createElement('a');
    a.href = url;
    a.download = 'user-data-export.json';
    a.click();

    URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
  }

  logConsentChange(consentRecord) {
    // Send consent change to server for audit
    fetch('/api/consent-log', {
      method: 'POST',
      headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
      },
      body: JSON.stringify({
        action: 'consent_update',
        consents: consentRecord,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        sessionId: this.getSessionId()
      })
    }).catch(error => {
      console.error('Failed to log consent change:', error);
    });
  }

  getClientIP() {
    // In production, this should come from server
    return 'client_ip_retrieved_server_side';
  }

  getSessionId() {
    let sessionId = sessionStorage.getItem('session_id');
    if (!sessionId) {
      sessionId = 'session_' + Date.now() + '_' + Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9);
      sessionStorage.setItem('session_id', sessionId);
    }
    return sessionId;
  }
}

Security Audit and Vulnerability Assessment

Security Testing Framework

Implement comprehensive security testing for popup systems:

class SecurityAudit {
  constructor() {
    this.vulnerabilities = [];
    this.tests = [
      this.testXSSVulnerabilities,
      this.testCSRFProtection,
      this.testInputValidation,
      this.testSecureHeaders,
      this.testDataEncryption,
      this.testCookieSecurity
    ];
  }

  async runFullAudit() {
    console.log('Starting security audit...');

    const results = {
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      vulnerabilities: [],
      passedTests: [],
      failedTests: [],
      recommendations: []
    };

    for (const test of this.tests) {
      try {
        const testResult = await test.call(this);
        if (testResult.passed) {
          results.passedTests.push(testResult.name);
        } else {
          results.failedTests.push(testResult.name);
          results.vulnerabilities.push(testResult);
        }
        results.recommendations.push(...testResult.recommendations);
      } catch (error) {
        results.failedTests.push(test.name);
        results.vulnerabilities.push({
          name: test.name,
          severity: 'high',
          description: 'Test failed to execute',
          error: error.message
        });
      }
    }

    // Generate report
    this.generateSecurityReport(results);

    return results;
  }

  async testXSSVulnerabilities() {
    const testPayloads = [
      '',
      'javascript:alert("XSS")',
      '',
      '

Incident Response and Data Breach Procedures

Security Incident Response Plan

Establish comprehensive incident response procedures:

class IncidentResponse {
  constructor() {
    this.incidentTypes = {
      'data_breach': {
        severity: 'critical',
        notificationRequired: true,
        responseTime: '72 hours',
        steps: ['contain', 'assess', 'notify', 'remediate']
      },
      'unauthorized_access': {
        severity: 'high',
        notificationRequired: true,
        responseTime: '24 hours',
        steps: ['contain', 'investigate', 'notify', 'remediate']
      },
      'malware_detection': {
        severity: 'high',
        notificationRequired: false,
        responseTime: '4 hours',
        steps: ['isolate', 'analyze', 'remove', 'monitor']
      },
      'vulnerability_discovery': {
        severity: 'medium',
        notificationRequired: false,
        responseTime: '7 days',
        steps: ['assess', 'patch', 'test', 'deploy']
      }
    };
  }

  async reportIncident(incidentData) {
    const incident = {
      id: this.generateIncidentId(),
      type: incidentData.type,
      severity: this.incidentTypes[incidentData.type]?.severity || 'medium',
      description: incidentData.description,
      affectedSystems: incidentData.affectedSystems || [],
      discoveredAt: Date.now(),
      reportedBy: incidentData.reportedBy || 'system',
      status: 'open',
      actions: []
    };

    // Log incident
    await this.logIncident(incident);

    // Trigger immediate response
    await this.initiateResponse(incident);

    return incident;
  }

  async initiateResponse(incident) {
    const responsePlan = this.incidentTypes[incident.type];

    if (!responsePlan) {
      console.error('No response plan for incident type:', incident.type);
      return;
    }

    // Add initial containment action
    await this.addAction(incident.id, {
      action: 'contain',
      description: 'Initiating incident containment procedures',
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      status: 'in_progress'
    });

    // Execute response steps
    for (const step of responsePlan.steps) {
      await this.executeResponseStep(incident.id, step);
    }

    // Check if notification is required
    if (responsePlan.notificationRequired) {
      await this.sendNotifications(incident);
    }
  }

  async executeResponseStep(incidentId, step) {
    const stepActions = {
      'contain': () => this.containmentProcedures(incidentId),
      'assess': () => this.assessImpact(incidentId),
      'investigate': () => this.investigateIncident(incidentId),
      'notify': () => this.sendNotifications(incidentId),
      'remediate': () => this.remediateIncident(incidentId),
      'isolate': () => this.isolateSystem(incidentId),
      'analyze': () => this.analyzeThreat(incidentId),
      'remove': () => this.removeThreat(incidentId),
      'monitor': () => this.monitorSystem(incidentId),
      'patch': () => this.patchVulnerability(incidentId),
      'test': () => this.testPatch(incidentId),
      'deploy': () => this.deployFix(incidentId)
    };

    const actionFunction = stepActions[step];
    if (actionFunction) {
      await this.addAction(incidentId, {
        action: step,
        description: `Executing ${step} procedures`,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        status: 'started'
      });

      try {
        await actionFunction();
        await this.addAction(incidentId, {
          action: step,
          description: `${step} procedures completed successfully`,
          timestamp: Date.now(),
          status: 'completed'
        });
      } catch (error) {
        await this.addAction(incidentId, {
          action: step,
          description: `${step} procedures failed: ${error.message}`,
          timestamp: Date.now(),
          status: 'failed'
        });
      }
    }
  }

  async containmentProcedures(incidentId) {
    // Immediate containment actions
    const actions = [
      'Disable affected user accounts',
      'Block suspicious IP addresses',
      'Isolate affected systems from network',
      'Change administrative credentials',
      'Review recent access logs'
    ];

    for (const action of actions) {
      console.log(`Containment: ${action}`);
      // In production, these would be actual system actions
      await this.delay(1000); // Simulate action execution
    }
  }

  async assessImpact(incidentId) {
    const impactAssessment = {
      dataTypesAffected: [],
      userCount: 0,
      systemsAffected: [],
      dataVolume: 0,
      sensitivityLevel: 'unknown'
    };

    // Analyze affected data
    console.log('Assessing incident impact...');

    // In production, this would analyze actual system data
    impactAssessment.userCount = Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000);
    impactAssessment.sensitivityLevel = 'high';

    await this.addAction(incidentId, {
      action: 'impact_assessment',
      description: 'Impact assessment completed',
      details: impactAssessment,
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      status: 'completed'
    });
  }

  async sendNotifications(incident) {
    const notifications = [
      {
        type: 'internal',
        recipients: ['security-team', 'legal-team', 'management'],
        message: `Security incident ${incident.id} requires attention`
      },
      {
        type: 'external',
        condition: incident.severity === 'critical',
        recipients: ['affected-users'],
        message: 'We experienced a security incident that may have affected your data'
      }
    ];

    for (const notification of notifications) {
      if (!notification.condition || notification.condition) {
        await this.sendNotification(notification);
      }
    }
  }

  async sendNotification(notification) {
    console.log(`Sending ${notification.type} notification: ${notification.message}`);

    // In production, this would use actual notification systems
    const notificationRecord = {
      id: this.generateNotificationId(),
      ...notification,
      sentAt: Date.now(),
      status: 'sent'
    };

    await this.logNotification(notificationRecord);
  }

  async remediateIncident(incidentId) {
    const remediationSteps = [
      'Patch identified vulnerabilities',
      'Update security configurations',
      'Implement additional monitoring',
      'Review and update security policies',
      'Conduct security awareness training'
    ];

    for (const step of remediationSteps) {
      await this.addAction(incidentId, {
        action: 'remediation',
        description: step,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        status: 'in_progress'
      });

      // Simulate remediation work
      await this.delay(2000);

      await this.addAction(incidentId, {
        action: 'remediation',
        description: `${step} completed`,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        status: 'completed'
      });
    }
  }

  generateIncidentId() {
    return `INC-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 6).toUpperCase()}`;
  }

  generateNotificationId() {
    return `NOT-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 6).toUpperCase()}`;
  }

  async addAction(incidentId, action) {
    console.log(`Incident ${incidentId}: ${action.description}`);

    // In production, this would update a database
    const actionRecord = {
      incidentId: incidentId,
      ...action
    };

    await this.logAction(actionRecord);
  }

  async logIncident(incident) {
    // Log incident for audit purposes
    try {
      await fetch('/api/security/incidents', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json'
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(incident)
      });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to log incident:', error);
    }
  }

  async logAction(action) {
    // Log action for audit purposes
    try {
      await fetch('/api/security/actions', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json'
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(action)
      });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to log action:', error);
    }
  }

  async logNotification(notification) {
    // Log notification for audit purposes
    try {
      await fetch('/api/security/notifications', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json'
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(notification)
      });
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to log notification:', error);
    }
  }

  delay(ms) {
    return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
  }
}

Post-Incident Review and Improvement

Implement learning and improvement processes:

• Root Cause Analysis: Investigate underlying causes of incidents
• Timeline Reconstruction: Document incident progression chronologically
• Effectiveness Assessment: Evaluate response procedures and tools
• Lessons Learned: Identify improvement opportunities
• Policy Updates: Revise security policies based on incident findings
• Training Enhancements: Update security awareness programs
• Tool Improvements: Enhance monitoring and detection capabilities

Best Practices Summary

Implementing comprehensive security and privacy measures for popup systems requires ongoing attention to multiple areas:

• Proactive Security: Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments
• Privacy by Design: Build privacy considerations into all development phases
• Compliance Management: Stay current with GDPR, CCPA, and other regulations
• Incident Preparedness: Maintain updated incident response procedures
• Continuous Monitoring: Implement real-time security monitoring and alerting
• User Education: Provide clear privacy notices and consent mechanisms
• Regular Training: Keep development teams updated on security best practices

Key Takeaways: Security and privacy implementation is not a one-time effort but an ongoing process requiring continuous attention, regular updates, and adaptation to evolving threats and regulations. By implementing the comprehensive security measures outlined in this guide, developers can create popup systems that protect user data, maintain regulatory compliance, and build customer trust while delivering optimal user experiences.

Next Steps: Begin by conducting a thorough security audit of existing popup implementations, prioritize identified vulnerabilities based on risk assessment, and gradually implement security improvements. Remember that security is an iterative process requiring continuous monitoring, regular updates, and ongoing education about emerging threats and best practices.